gRik tsu;r;rpf;fhd tptrhak;
‘’ Agriculture is the fundamental source of the food supply
of all the countries despite its developing status. ’’
tsu;e;J tUk; ehLfspd;> czT tpepNahfj;jpd; mbg;gil Mjhukhf tpsq;FtJ tptrhakhFk;. ,J
czit cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F fzprkhd mstpy; epyk; kw;Wk; ePu; Nghd;w ,aw;if tsq;fis
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mgptpUe;jp mile;JtUk; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpailahj ehLfspy; czTf;fhd Njit
Jupj fjpapyhd tPjj;jpy; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wJ. cyf czT jpl;lj;jpd;gb (ccjp)> grp ,d;Dk;
cyfpd; ngupa jPu;f;ff;$ba gpur;rpidfspy; xd;whf cs;sJ. nghUshjhu Rik kw;Wk; czT
neUf;fbia kf;fs; njhlu;e;J czu;e;Jf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. 10 FLk;gq;fspy; 3 Ngu;> mjhtJ
Rkhu; 6.26 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; czT ghJfhg;gpd;ikia czu;fpd;wdu;.
1. உரத்தின் பரிணாமம்
tptrhaj;jpw;F cuq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ 8000 Mz;L Ke;ija ePz;l tuyhw;iw nfhz;ljhFk;.
gz;ila fhyq;fspy; ,aw;if cuq;fNs gad;gLj;j kpfg; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. ghgpNyhdpau;fs;>
vfpg;jpau;fs;> cNuhkhdpau;fs; kw;Wk; Muk;gfhy n[u;khdpau;fs; fdpkk; my;yJ ,aw;if cuj;ijg;
gad;gLj;jp tpisr;riy mjpfupj;jjhf gjpTfs; cs;sd. etPd cuj; njhopYf;fhd mbj;jsk; [];l];
nya;gpq;fpdhy; 1840 ,y; ,lg;gl;lJ. mtu; jhtu tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; tsu;r;rpf;F Njitahd $Wfspy;
mf;fiw nfhz;bUe;jhu;. cug;gad;ghl;by; jpz;k mNkhdpak; iel;;Nul;bd; cw;gj;jp 1933Mk; Mz;L
,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghupd; NghJ mnkupf;fhtpy; Fwpg;gpl;lstpy; Muk;gkhfpaJ. 1843 ,y; Rz;zhk;G
#g;gu; nghRg;Ngw;iw cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhd rl;lq;fs; jahupf;fg;gl;ld. Nf cuj;njhopy; n[u;kdpapy;
1861 ,y; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. nraw;if cuq;fspd; tpiuthd Cf;fk; tptrhapfisf; ftu;e;jJ. mjdhy;
nraw;if cuq;fspd; Njit mjpfupj;jJ.
etPd Nrjd tptrhaf; vz;zf;fU 1900fspd; Kw;gFjpapy; ru; My;gu;l; n`htu;l;> v/g;. v/r;. fpq;>
Unlhy;/g; ];nla;du;> kw;Wk; gpwuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. mtu;fs; tpyq;F vU gad;ghL (ngUk;ghYk;
cukhf jahupf;fg;gl;lJ)> %Lgapu;> gapu;r; Row;rp> kw;Wk; capupay; mbg;gilapy; gPilf;fl;Lg;ghL rpwe;j
tptrha Kiwia tpistpj;jd vd ek;gpdhu;fs;. Rw;whly; rPu;NfL> capu;g;gy;tifik ,og;G> kw;Wk;
ePbf;f Kbahj ,aw;if tsg;gad;ghL vd;gtw;iw jLf;Fk; mNj Ntis> njhlu;r;rpahd nghUshjhu
tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd gRik tsu;r;rp vd;gJ tptrhaj;jpd; Gjpa vz;zf;fUthFk;.
tsu;r;rpapd; J}a;ikahd %yq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfis mjpfupg;gNj ,yf;fhFk;.
mjdhy; RoYf;F Vw;w epiyNgwhd tsu;r;rp khjpupf;F efUk;. Nrjd cuq;fs;> gpw Nrjd tptrha
%yg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; tptrha eilKiwfs; ,t; vz;zf;fUtpd; mbj;jskhFk;.
2. epiyNgwhd tptrhak;
tptrhaj;jpw;F ,urhad cuq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ ,d;W cyfshtpa Ntshz;
eilKiwahFk;. ePz;l ,urhad cuq;fspd; mjp$ba gad;ghL ghupasT Rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk;
r%f tpisit Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. If;fpa ehLfspd; Rw;Wr;#oy; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; (I.eh.R.ep)
gb fle;j 100 Mz;Lfspy; kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l iejurd; fyitapd; msthdJ
kz;zpYk;> ePu; kw;Wk; tspapYk; ,ul;bg;ghfpAs;sJ. mjpfsthd ,urhad cuq;fisg;
gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; kz; kw;Wk; epyj;jb ePupd; msT Fiwjy;> kz;tsf;FiwT kz; kw;Wk;
jhtuq;fspy; fdkhd cNyhfq;fspd; jpul;rp> kz; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; Fiwjy;> rkepiyg;gLj;Jk;
kz; Ez;Zapupfis mopg;gjhy; Rw;Wr;#oy; mikg;G vd;gd Kwptilfpwd. kw;Wk;
A+l;NuhgpNf\d; (mjpfgbahd Cl;lr;rj;J ePu;epiyfNshL fyj;jy;) ePu; khriljiy
mjpfupf;fpwJ.
Fiwe;j %yg;nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; Rw;Wr; #oy; mf;fiw nfhz;l tptrha Kiwfs;
Gjpa Kiw efu;TfSf;F toptFf;Fk;. Nrjd tptrhak; cl;gl jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;F rhu;e;j
cs;@u; Nrjd %yg;nghUl;fs; gapu;fSf;Fj; Njitahd nrwpT+l;lg;gl;l Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fis
#oy; Neakhd Kiwapy; mWtilf;F toq;FfpwJ. ,e;j vz;zf;fUthdJ> #oy; Nea
cuq;fs;> G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfs; kw;Wk; gapu;r;nra;if eilKiwfisf; nfhz;lJ. epiyNgwhd
tptrha mZFKiwapd; mbg;gil nfhs;ifahf MNuhf;fpak;> #oypay; Neu;ik kw;Wk;
epiyNgwhd tsu;r;rpia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; guhkupg;G vd;gd cs;slf;fg;gLk;.
3. ,aw;if tptrhak; %yk; Neu;kiwahd khw;wq;fis cUthf;Fjy;
,aw;if tptrhak; vd;gJ r%fj;jpd; gpufhrkhd Neu;kiwahd khw;wj;jpd; ek;gpf;ifahFk;.
vq;fs; jahupg;Gfs;
பயிர் சார்ந்த தயாரிப்பு வரிசை, தாவரத்தின் அனைத்து ஊட்டச்சத்து தேவைகளையும் நிவர்த்தி செய்கிறது.